음악이 동물 및 인간의 심혈관계와 행동에 미치는 영향
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https://doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v13i1.760초록
음악은 일생에 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 각기 다른 스타일의 음악이 인간의 심혈관 매개변수나 동물의 행동 패턴 변화에 미치는 직접적 영향에 대해서는 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구의 목표는 청각적 자극이 없는 고요함(S) 대비 클래식 음악(CL)과 해비메탈(HM)이 행동 패턴 또는 심혈관 매개변수인 혈압(BP)와 심장박동(HR)에 미치는 잠재적 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 독일의 돼지 6마리의 행동 패턴을 분석하였으며, 연구 참여 지원자 60명의 코르티솔 수치, 심장박동, 혈압 등을 기록하여 분석하였다. 연구 프로토콜은 동물과 인간에게 동일하여 사용되었으며, 그룹 모두 CL(Bach, Suite No, 3, BWV 1068), HM(Disturbed, Undestructible)과 S를 적용했다. CL, HM의 노출 기간 및 S의 기간은 21분으로 동일한 연구 프로토콜이 제공된 이후 아무런 음악을 듣지 않았던(고요함, S) 60명의 건강한 통제 집단(CO) 참가자들과 연구 대상자들의 모든 자료들을 비교하였다. 동물의 경우, HM이나 S에 비해 CL이 돼지들에게서 유의미하게 더 많은 활동성과 주의력에 영향을 미쳤다는 것을 입증할 수 있었다. 반면, CL이나 S에 비해서 HM은 예상하지 못했던, 스트레스와 관련된 행동 패턴들(흥분, 도망치려는 시도)과 보다 유의미한 관계가 나타남을 확인하였다. 인간의 경우, 소리에 노출되기 전과 후, HM이나 통제 집단에 비해서, CL을 틀어주었을 때, 심장수축, 확장기 BP(mmHg)와 HR(분당 박동)이 감소했다. 이러한 결과는 음악 스타일이 이런 농장 동물들 종의 복지를 개선시키거나 감소시킬 수 있다는 잠재력에 대한 증거를 제공한다. CL(Bach)는 동물에게서 긍정적인 행동 패턴과 BP 및 HP 수치의 감소를 확인하였으나 HM 또는 S에서는 유사한 결과가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통해 클래식 음악 자극이 심혈관 매개변수와 동물의 행동 패턴에 미치는 긍정적 영향을 확인할 수 있다.
키워드: 동물 복지, 클래식 음악, 해비메탈 음악, 혈압, 심장박동, 코르티솔
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