Efectos de la música sobre el comportamiento y el sistema cardiovascular en animales y seres humanos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v13i1.760Resumen
La música juega un papel importante durante la vida. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre si los diferentes estilos musicales pueden alterar directamente los patrones de comportamiento en animales o parámetros cardiovasculares en seres humanos. El objetivo fue estudiar los efectos potenciales de la música clásica (CL) y heavy metal (HM) comparándolo con el silencio (S) en patrones de comportamiento o parámetros cardiovasculares como la presión arterial (PA) y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC). Se examinaron los patrones de comportamiento en seis cerdos alemanes blancos grandes. Se registraros los niveles de cortisol, la frecuencia cardíaca y la presión arterial en 60 voluntarios sanos.
Tanto en animales como en seres humanos se utilizó un protocolo de estudio idéntico. En ambos grupos se aplicaron, CL (Bach, Suite No. 3, BWV 1068), HM (Disturbed, Indestructible) y S. La duración de la exposición al sonido de CL, HM o del periodo de S fue de 21 minutos. Todos los datos del los voluntarios estudiados se compararon con 60 participantes sanos de "control" (CO) que se sometieron a un protocolo de estudio idéntico pero sin la condición de música (“silencio”, S). En animales, claramente podríamos demostrar que CL conduce a una actividad y atención significativamente mayor de los cerdos (p. ej. jugar a la pelota) en comparación con HM o S (p <0,001). Por el contrario, HM se asoció significativamente más con patrones de comportamiento inesperados relacionados con el estrés (excitación, tratar de escapar) en comparación con CL o S (p <0,001). En humanos, la presión arterial sistólica, diastólica (mm Hg) y la FC (latidos por minuto) disminuyeron principalmente cuando en la condición CL en comparación con HM o control (p <0,001), antes y después de la exposición al sonido. Los resultados proporcionan evidencias sobre el potencial de los estilos musicales para mejorar o disminuir el bienestar en esta especie animal de granja. Es obvio que CL (Bach) conduce a ambos patrones de comportamiento en animales y la disminución de valores en PA y FC. En HM o S, no pudimos observar hallazgos similares. Por lo tanto, de acuerdo con estos experimentos y datos clínicos, la exposición al sonido con música clásica tuvo efectos positivos
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