음악중재 예비연구: 인지 변화가 있는 노인대상 공간 기술 훈련을 위한 그룹 마림바 교수법 진단 Juleen Rodakowski, Jennie L. Dorris, Diana J. McLaughlin, Dustin L. Grimes

Assessing teaching methods of group marimba classes designed to train spatial skills of older adults experiencing changes in cognition

저자(들)

  • Juleen Rodakowski University of Pittsburgh http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-8124
  • Jennie L. Dorris University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Diana J. McLaughlin Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Dustin L. Grimes Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

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https://doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v13i4.749

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Spatial mapping##common.commaListSeparator## older adults##common.commaListSeparator## cognition##common.commaListSeparator## music classes

초록

인지적 기능 저하의 어려움을 경험하는 노인들은 공간 기술의 저하를 경험하고, 그로 인해 자신의 환경을 탐색하는 데 낮은 자신감을 나타낸다. 공간 훈련은 이러한 기능 저하를 완화시키는 데 도움이 되며, 음악에 참여하는 것은 연주자들의 공간 기술에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 음악이 공간 훈련으로서 노인 기능 강화를 위한 방법으로 적용된 연구는 부족하다. 본 연구는 세 가지 영역 전반에서 노인들을 위한 공간 훈련 수단으로서 음악 수업을 탐색하였다.

1. 악기 쪽을 향한 신체 상태 유지의 성공률을 높이는 것

2. 악보 읽는 능력을 향상시키는 것

3. 중재 전후에 실시한 공간 방향성 테스트 점수 향상  

연구팀은 6주간의 마림바 수업프로그램을 개발한 후 시행하였으며, 이 프로그램은 치매 발병 전 또는 치매 초기 노인들을 위한 공간 훈련을 목표로 수행되었다. 연구팀은 중재 전후 시각 인지 능력 테스트 중 방향성 테스트(Orientation Test from the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills)를 통해 공간 기술을 평가하였다. 점수는 평균 0.71일씩 증가한 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 임상적으로 의미 있는 변화라 할 수 있다(d = 0.3). 또한 연구참여자들이 악기 쪽을 향하는 신체 상태를 유지하는 빈도가 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 연구참여자들이 중재 과정 동안 음표 없이 표기된 음악자료를 결정하는 빈도가 높아진 것으로 나타났다(p < 0.01). 후속 연구에서는 인지 능력이 저하될 때 공간 기술을 보완할 수 있는 방안으로서 음악 기반 훈련이 도움을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 

키워드: 공간 맵핑, 공간 훈련, 노인, 인지, 음악 수업

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Jennie L. Dorris is a Research Associate in the School of Music 13 at CMU and a PhD student in Rehabilitation Science at the 14 University of Pittsburgh. She developed music classes for 15 BRiTE, a wellness program from the University of Pittsburgh 16 that serves older adults with changes in their cognition. She studies the effects of learning and performing an instrument 18 on older adults. 

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Diana J. McLaughlin is a Research Assistant in the School of 21 Music at CMU. She recently received her Advanced Music 22 Studies degree at CMU and is now pursuing her Master of 23 Music at CMU in French horn performance.

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Dustin L. Grimes was a Research Assistant in the School of 26 Music at CMU. He received his Master of Music in trombone 27 performance from CMU and his Bachelor of Music in Music 28 Performance from Texas Christian University.

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출판됨

2021-10-25

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호. 13 번호. 4 (2021): Music and Medicine October

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