La efectividad de la música como un intervención en pacientes con demencia en fase grave: revisión bibliográfica
A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v13i4.787Palabras clave:
dementia, therapy, music intervention, acute settingResumen
En 2019 se estimó la cifra de unos 50 millones de personas a nivel global viviendo con demencia. Hay una fuerte necesidad de terapias e intervenciones para frenar los síntomas y mejorar la calidad de vida de estos individuos que viven con la demencia. Mientras hay evidencias sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones musicales en objetivos a largo plazo, tales como geriátricos, existe menos investigación cuyo objetivo sea investigar la efectividad de las mismas en fases muy avanzadas. Es importante crear evidencias basadas en intervenciones efectivas especialmente que investiguen los momentos severos o graves que pueda poner en valor los síntomas que son un gran reto dentro de los síntomas asociados a la demencia. Una revisión sistemática representa un examen novedoso de literatura en la música como un intervención para pacientes como demencia en casos graves o severos. Una búsqueda en la base de datos identificó 204 artículos, de los cuales 10 estudios encontraron los criterios y fueron revisados. Una evaluación descriptiva cualitativa se aplicó en la mayoría de estudios que puntuaron alto (sobre 80%). La revisión identificó 4 áreas donde las intervenciones musicales han sido usadas para mejorar resultados con pacientes que padecen demencias en grados severos: estados de humor y bienestar, conductual y síntomas psicológicos en la demencia, y el uso de recursos interpacientes. Las evidencias más creíbles son actualmente dentro de los estados de humor y conductual los cuales reflejan cambios positivos debidos a las intervenciones musicales con pacientes. Limitaciones, implicaciones clínicas y recomendaciones para investigaciones futuras son tratadas.
Keywords: demencia, terapia, intervención musical, contexto severo
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