Effects of choral singing on salivary cortisol levels and self-reported stress in university students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v13i4.794Keywords:
Stress, university students, music therapy, choir singing, salivary cortisolAbstract
Although mental disorders are common among university students, the majority of students with mental health issues do not seek out treatment during their academic life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel group approach- choir singing, and its potential impact on stress, via salivary cortisol levels and self-reported stress levels in university students during 4 sessions of choir singing. It was based on a quasi-experimental research conducted with 25 Brazilian university students. Each choir singing session lasted 60 minutes. A question was asked before and after the intervention: what is the level of your stress? Salivary cortisol was collected before and after the intervention. After the choir singing intervention, there was a statistically significant reduction in self-reported stress (p<0.0001) and salivary cortisol levels (p<0.0001). This research suggests that choir singing can reduce the self-reported stress of university students after 4 weeks of follow-up with ∆= 45.83% and salivary cortisol levels in the first week with ∆= 3.57%.
References
Langoski JE, Klipan LB, Bordin D, Ferracioli MU, Pinto MHB, Fadel CB. Stress among Brazilian Dental Students in Different Periods: Prevalence and Perceptions. Psychology. [published online February 26, 2015]. doi: 10.4236/psych.2015.63030
Soares LMB. Work and stress in juvenile probation officers from a socio-educational internment center. Braz. J. of Develop. 2020; 6(7):51199-51213. Available at: https://www.brazilianjournals.com/index.php/BRJD/article/view/13880. Accessed August 8, 2020.
Lameu NJ, Lt Salazar, Souza FW. Prevalence of stress symptoms among undergraduates of a public university. Educational Psychology. 2016; 42: 13-22. Available at: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/psie/n42/n42a02.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2020.
Bolsoni-Silva A, Guerra B. The impact of depression on the social interactions of university students. Estud. Pesqui. Psicol. 2014; 14(2):429-452. Available from: https://www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br/index.php/revispsi/article/view/12649/9823. Accessed July 20, 2020.
Flesch BD, Houvèssou GM, Munhoz TN, Fassa AG. Major depressive episode among university students in southern Brazil. Rev. Saúde Pública. [published online January 31, 2020]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001540
Catunda PAM, Ruiz MV. Quality of life of university students. Scientific Journal of UNIFAE. 2008; 2(1):22-31. Available at: https://www.fae.br/2009/PensamentoPlural/Vol_2_n_1_2008/artigo_qualidadedevidadeuniversitarios.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2020.
Cerchiari EAN, Caetano D, Faccenda O. Prevalence of minor mental disorders in university students. Estud. psicol. (Natal). 2005; 10(3):413-420. Available at: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-294X2005000300010#:~:text=Na%20amostra%20total%2C%20os%20dist%C3%BArbios,3)%2C%20com%2026%25. Accessed August 8, 2020.
Fonseca AA, Coutinho MPL, Azevedo RLW. Social representations of depression in young university students with and without symptoms to develop depression. Psicol. Reflex. Crit. 2008; 21(3):492-498. Available at: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0102-79722008000300018&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt. Accessed August 8, 2020.
Mendes GK, Ramos CATA. Integrative review: psychic suffering in university students and associated factors. Ciênc. saúde coletiva. [published online May 2, 2019]. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018244.09692017
Malajovich N, Vilanova A, Frederico C, Cavalcanti MT, Velasco LB. University youth in contemporary times: the construction of a mental health care service for students. Mental. 2017; 11(21):356-377. Available at: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-44272017000200005. Accessed August 8, 2020.
Cerchiari EAN, Caetano D, Faccenda O. Use of mental health service in a public university. Psicol. cienc. prof. 2005; 25(2):252-265. Available at: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=s1414-98932005000200008&script=sci_abstract&tlng=pt. Accessed August 8, 2020.
GGC Taets, LRM Barcellos. Music in the daily care: a therapeutic resource for nursing. R. pesq. Cuid. Fundam. Online. 2010; 2(3):1009-1016. Available at: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/5057/505750832014.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2020.
Oliveira LS, Oliveira EN, Campos MP, Sobrinho NV, Aragão LH, França SS. Music as a strategy for mental health promotion between university students. Saúde em Redes. 2019; 5(3):329¬341. Available at: http://revista.redeunida.org.br/ojs/index.php/rede-unida/article/view/2443. Accessed August 8, 2020.
Kim KJ, Chung JW, Park S, Shin JT. Psychophysiological stress response during competition between elite and non-elite Korean junior golfers. [published online Mars 19, 2009]. Int. J. Sports Med. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1202338
Pulopulos MM, Baeken C, De Raedt R. Cortisol response to stress: The role of expectancy and anticipatory stress regulation. Horm Behav. 2020; 117. Available at: https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0018506X18304860?token=55ADC0AA19627D75F34BAE877F9AEB8A706465D082E549DF07F448834CFE63F4048AA78BF939A9D9105D8EC16CC1166A. Accessed August 8, 2020.
Bozovic D, Racic M, Ivkovic N. Salivary Cortisol Levels as a Biological Marker of Stress Reaction. Med Arh. [published online December 31, 2012]. doi 10.5455/medarh.2013.67.374-77
National Association of Directors of Federal Institutions of Higher Education. V National Survey of Socioeconomic and Cultural Profile of undergraduate students of IFES - 2018. 2019. Available at: https://cristianoalvarenga.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/V-Perfil-dos-Estudantes_compressed.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2020.
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Social inequalities by color or race in Brazil. Studies and Research. Demographic and socioeconomic information. 2019; 41. Available at: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv101681_informativo.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2020.
Borine CCR, Wanderley SK, Bassitt PD. Relationship between quality of life and stress in health students. Est. Inter. Psicol. 2015; 6(1):110-118. Available at: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2236-64072015000100008&lng=en&nrm=is. Accessed August 8, 2020.
Fioravanti AR, Shaiani DA, Borges RC, Baileiro RC. Study about stress factors among Unicamp students. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2005; 1(1):41-48. Available at: http://sistemas.ib.unicamp.br/be310/nova/index.php/be310/article/view/21/9. Accessed February 2, 2020.
Ferro MRL, Meneses-Gaya C. Resilience as a Protecting Factor in the Consumption of Drugs Among University Students. Saúde e Pesqui. 2015; 8(Special edition):139-149. Available at: https://periodicos.unicesumar.edu.br/index.php/saudpesq/article/view/3774/2519. Accessed July 20, 2020.
Jalilian F, et al. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with smoking cigarettes, drug abuse and alcohol drinking among male medical university students in Iran. J Res Health Sci. 2015; 15(1):42-6. Available at: http://jrhs.umsha.ac.ir/index.php/JRHS/article/view/1828/pdf. Accessed July 20, 2020.
Curcelli EM, Fontanella BJB. Student drinking: an analysis of parties advertisements on an university campus. Interface (Botucatu). [published online August 5, 2019]. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/Interface.180621
Souza J, Hamilton H, Wright MGM. Text & Context Nursing. Academic performance and consumption of alcohol, marijuana and cocaine among undergraduate students from Ribeirão Preto – Brazil. Texto contexto - enferm. [published online July 18, 2019]. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-cicad-3-15
National Secretary for Drug Policy. I National Survey on the Use of Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs among University Students of the 27 Brazilian Capitals. Brasilia: SENAD; 2010. Available at: https://cetadobserva.ufba.br/es/publicacoes/i-levantamento-nacional-sobre-uso-de-alcool-tabaco-e-outras-drogas-entre-universitarios. Accessed August 8,
Peuker AC, Fogaça J, Bizarro L. Expectations and problematic drinking among college students. Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 2006; 22:193-200. Available at: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0102-37722006000200009&lng=en&nrm=iso. Accessed August 8, 2020.
Ferro MRL, Trigo AA, Oliveira AJ, et al. Perceived stress and the use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs among university students. Saúde e Pesqui. [published online October 21, 2019]. doi: 10.17765/2176-9206.2019v12n3p573-581
Taets GGC, Jomar RT, Abreu AMM, Capella MAM. Effects of music therapy on stress in chemically dependent people: a quasi-experimental study. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. [published online January 14, 2019]. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.2456.3115.
Panacioni AFG. Music therapy in health promotion: a care for quality of life and control of academic stress. Paper present at: Federal University of Goias. Mars 31, 2012.
Gallego-Gómez JI, Balanza S, Leal-Llopis J, et al. Effectiveness of music therapy and progressive muscle relaxation in reducing stress before exams and improving academic performance in nursing students: A randomized trial. Nurse Educ. Today. [published online October 18, 2019]. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104217
Maduka IC, Neboh EE, Ufelle SA. The relationship between serum cortisol, adrenaline, blood glucose and lipid profile of undergraduate students under examination stress. Afr Health Sci. [published online Mars, 2015]. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v15i1.18
