Integration of Spirituality, Music and Emotions in Health Care

Authors

  • Frances Hendriëhetta Le Roux MSc, PhD, Private Practice, Fish Hoek
  • Christof Sauer DTh, Unisa. Habilitation in Missiology and Intercultural Theology, Protestant University Wuppertal, Germany.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v8i4.424

Abstract

As recent studies indicate a correlation between patients’ spirituality and health outcomes, medical care is increasingly focusing on treatment of the whole person. Through spirituality, individuals attempt to perceive their world, themselves, and their needs in terms of their connection to the self, others, nature and God. One cannot provide whole-person care without taking into consideration the relevant spiritual needs of patients. Music is capable of affecting spiritual aspects with emotional needs in health care and can contribute to the ‘wholeness’ perception of a person. The purpose of this review was to explore the definitions of spirituality, their value in healthcare, while additionally viewing the difference between religion and spirituality, and the link between emotions and spirituality and music’s effect on their potential role in healthcare.

 

Keywords: spirituality, healthcare, music, emotions

Spanish

Integración de la espiritualidad: música , emoción y cuidado de la salud

Frances Hendriëhetta Le Roux, Christof Sauer

Recientes estudios indican correlación entre la espiritualidad de los pacientes y los resultados en la salud, por esto la asistencia médica esta focalizándose de manera creciente en el tratamiento de la persona completa. A través de la espiritualidad los individuos intentan percibir el mundo, a ellos mismos, y a su necesidad de conexión con ellos, con otros, con la naturaleza y con Dios. No podemos proveer asistencia integral de la persona sin considerar las necesidades espirituales de los pacientes. En la atención de salud la música es capaz de acceder a estos aspectos espirituales junto a las necesidades emocionales de los pacientes y contribuir a la percepción de integridad de la persona. El propósito de esta revisión es explorar las definiciones de espiritualidad, su valor en la atención de la salud, mientras observamos la diferencia entre religión y espiritualidad, la conexión entre emociones y espiritualidad y el efecto de la música en su rol en el cuidado de la salud.

 Palabras clave: espiritualidad, cuidado de la salud, música, emociones

 

German

Intergration von Spiritualität, Musik und Emotionen in die Gesundheitsfürsorge

Frances Hendriëhetta Le Roux, Christof Sauer 

Da neuere Studien eine Korrelation zwischen der Spiritualität und dem Gesundheitsverlauf von Patienten anzeigen, beschäftigt sich die medizinische Versorgung  zunehmend mit der Behandlung des Menschen als Ganzes. Über Spiritualität versuchen einzelne Menschen ihre Welt, sich selbst und ihre Bedürfnisse in Bezug auf ihre Verbindung zu sich selbst, zu anderen, zu Natur und Gott wahrzunehmen. Man kann einen Menschen als Ganzes nicht betreuen, ohne seine relevanten spirituellen Bedürfnisse zu berücksichtigen. Musik kann die spirituellen Aspekte mit emotionalen Bedürfnissen  in der Gesundheitsfürsorge beeinflussen und zu der ganzheitlichen Betrachtung einer Person beitragen. Der Zweck dieses Review war es, Definitionen von Spiritualität, deren Wert im Gesundheitswesen zu erforschen, und zusätzlich die Unterscheidung von Religion und Spiritualität,  die Verbindung zwischen Emotionen und Spiritualität, und die Wirkung von Musik auf deren mögliche Rollen in der Gesundheitspflege zu sichten. 

Keywords: Spiritualität, Gesundheitsfürsorge, Musik, Emotionen

 

Italian

Integrazione della Spiritualità, Musica ed Emozioni nell’Assistenza Sanitaria

 Frances Hendriëhetta Le Roux, Christof Sauer

Poiche recenti studi indicano una correlazione tra spiritualità e I risultati di salute dei pazienti, l’assistenza medica è sempre più concentrata sul trattamento di tutta la persona. Attraverso la spiritualità gli individui cercano di percepire il loro mondo, se stessi e le loro esigenze in termini di connessione con il sé, degli altri, la natura e Dio. Non si puó fornire una cura su tutta la persona senza prendere in considerazione le esigenze spirituali dei pazienti. La musica è in grado di influenzare gli aspetti spirituali con I bisogni emotive nell’asssistenza sanitaria e può contribuire alla percezione “dell’interezza“ di una persona. Lo scopo di questa revisione è stato quello di esplorare le definizioni di spiritualità, il loro valore nel settore sanitario, mentre in aggiunta la visualizzazione della differenza tra la religione e la spiritualità, e il legame tra le emozioni e la spiritualità e l’effetto della musica nel settore sanitario.

 Parole Chiave: spiritualità, assistenza sanitaria, musica, emozioni


Chinese

融合心靈、音樂與情緒於健康照護

最近的研究顯示病人的心靈狀態與健康狀態有關,醫療上也越來越重視全人的健康照護。通過心靈層面,個人試圖去感知他們的世界、自我以及內在的需求,包括他們如何與自我、他人、大自然和神靈產生連結。若我們不考慮病人相關的心靈需求,就沒辦法提供全人的照護。音樂能夠影響健康照護當中心靈層面的情緒需求,並有助於一個人的整體性。本篇回顧的目的在於探討心靈的定義以及在健康照護中的價值,同時看到宗教與靈性的差異,以及情緒與靈性之間的連結,並闡述音樂在健康照護中可能帶來的效果


Japanese

 ヘルスケアにおけるスピリチュアリティ、音楽と感情の統合

Frances Hendriëhetta Le Roux, Christof Sauer

最近の研究では、患者のスピリチュアリティと健康状態の相関性が指摘され、医療的ケアにおいても全人的な治療が注目され始めている。スピリチュアリティを通して、個人は自己の世界、自分自身やニーズを、自己や他者、自然や神との関わりを通じて認識しようとする。全人的医療を提供するためには、患者のスピリチュアルなニーズを理解することが不可欠なのである。音楽は、ヘルスケアにおいて感情面のニーズに関係するスピリチュアルな要素を援助することができる。そして患者の全人的理解に対して貢献する。このレビューの目的は、ヘルスケアにおけるスピリチュアリティの定義とその価値を探求し、宗教とスピリチュアリティの違い、そして感情とスピリチュアリティの繋がりを検証する。さらに、ヘルスケアにおける音楽の効果的役割について考察する。 

キーワード:スピリチュアリティ、ヘルスケア、音楽、感情

 

Korean

건강관리에 영성성(spirituality), 음악, 감정의 통합

Frances Hendriëhetta Le Roux, Christof Sauer

 

최근 연구들이 환자의 정신성과 건강의 상관관계를 보여주는 것처럼, 의학적 치료는 점차 그 사람 전체를 치료하는 것에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 정신성을 통해서, 사람들은 자아, 타인, 자연, 하느님과의 연관관계 등과 관련해서 자신의 세계, 자기 자신, 그리고 자신의 필요를 인식하려고 한다. 환자들의 관련 정신적 필요를 고려하지 않고 전인적 치료를 제공할 수는 없다. 음악은 건강관리에서 정서적 필요와 함께 정신적 측면에 영향을 끼칠 수 있으며, 어떤 사람의 “전체(wholeness)” 인식에 기여할 수 있다. 이번 검토의 목적은 종교와 정신성의 차이점, 정서와 정신성의 연관관계, 그리고 그것들이 건강관리에서 할 수 있는 역할에 음악이 끼치는 영향 등을 추가로 검토하면서 정신성의 정의, 건강관리에서 그것들이 갖는 가치 등을 살펴보는 것이다.

 

키워드: 정신성, 건강관리, 음악, 정서

 

Author Biographies

Frances Hendriëhetta Le Roux, MSc, PhD, Private Practice, Fish Hoek

PhD – University of Stellenbosch, S.A. (The Effect of Music on the Immune System, Emotions and Lung Functions during Standard Physiotherapy Treatment of Specific Lung Pathology).

Physiotherapist. Private Physiotherapy Practice in Fish Hoek, South Africa for 27 years.

Current research interest and projects on Music, Health Care, Spirituality and Positive Emotions.

Christof Sauer, DTh, Unisa. Habilitation in Missiology and Intercultural Theology, Protestant University Wuppertal, Germany.

Professor of Religious Studies and Missiology, Evangelische Faculteit Leuven, Belgium.

References

Craigie FC, Hobbs RF. 3rd Spiritual perspectives and practices of family physicians with an expressed interest in spirituality. Fam Med 1999; 31:578-85.

Puchalski CM, Larson BD. Developing curricula in spirituality and medicine. Acad Med. 1998; 73:970-4.

McKee DD, Chappel JN. Spirituality and medical practice. J Fam Pract 1992; (35)201:205-8.

Ross L. The spiritual dimension. Int J Nurse Stud. 1995; 32:457-68.

Anandarajah G, Hight E. Spirituality and medical practice: using the HOPE questions as a practical tool for spiritual assessment. Am Fam Physician. 2001; 63(1):81-88.

Chibnall J. Psychosocial-spiritual correlates of death distress in patients with life-threatening medical conditions. Palliat Med. 2002; 16:331-338.

Edwards K, Hall T. The spiritual assessment inventory, a theistic model and measure for assessing spiritual development. J Sci Study Relig. 2002; 41(2):341-357.

Hill PC, Pargament KI. Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality. Implications for physical and mental health research. Am Psychol. 2003; 58(1):64-74.

Peterman A, Fitchett G. Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: The functional assessment of the chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-Sp) Ann Behav Med. 2002; 24(1):49-58.

Siddall PJ, Lovell RM, MacLeod R. Spirituality: what is its role in pain medicine? Pain Med. 2015; 16(1):51-60.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pme.12511/pdf

Culliford L. The Psychology of Spirituality. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2011.

Clark PA, Drain M, Malone MP. Addressing patients’ emotional and spiritual needs. Jt Comm J Qual Saf. 2003; 29(12):659-670.

D’Souza R. The importance of spirituality in medicine and its application to clinical practice. MJA. 2007; 186(16):S57-S59.

Atkins P, Schubert E. Are spiritual experiences through music seen as intrinsic or extrinsic? Religions. 2014; 5 (1): 76-89.

Foxglove T, Tyas B. Using music as a spiritual tool in palliative care. Eur J Palliat Care. 2000; 7(2): 63-65.

Harvey J. In Quest of Spirit: Thoughts on Music. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1999.

Lipe A. Beyond therapy: Music, spirituality and health in human experience. A review of literature. J Music Ther. 2002; 39(3):209-240.

Tees B, Budd J. The sound of spiritual care: music interventions in a palliative care setting. J Pastoral Care Counsel. Spring-Summer 2011; 65(1-2):5:1-10.

Waaijman CJ. Spiritualiteit als Theologie. Nijmegen: Radbaud University, Nijmegen; 2010.

Panzini GR, Maganha C, Da Rocha NS, Bandeira DS, Fleck MP. Brazilian validation of the Quality of Life Instrument/spirituality, religion and personal beliefs. Rev Saude Publica. 2011; 45(1):153-65.

Narayanasamy A. A review of spirituality as applied to nursing. Int J Nurs Stud. 1999; 36:117-125.

Aponte HJ. Spirituality: The heart of therapy. In: Carlson TD, Erikson MJ, eds. Spirituality and Family Therapy. New York: The Haworth Press; 2002:13-27.

Arnason C. Reflections on spiritual dimensions in improvisational music therapy. Int J Commun Music. Wilfrid Laurier University. (Electronic version) 2005.

Ellis MR, Winson DC, Ewigman B. Addressing spiritual concerns of patients: Family physicians attitudes and practices. J Fam Practice. 1999; 48 (2) 105-109.

Hampton JS, Weinert C. An exploration of spirituality in rural women with chronic illness. Holist Nurs Prac. 2006; 20(1): 27-33.

Hermann CP. Development and testing of the spiritual needs inventory for patients near the end of life. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2006; 33(4):737-743.

Rose EM, Westefeld JS, Ansley TN. Spiritual issues in counselling: clients beliefs & preferences. J Couns Psychol. 2001; 48(1):61-71.

Chiu L, Emblen JD, Van Hofwegen L, Sawatzky R, Meyerhoff H. An integrated review of the concept of spirituality in the health services. West J Nurs Res. 2004; 26 (4):405-428.

Coughlin SS. Surviving cancer or other serious illness. A review of individual and community resources. Cancer J Clin. 2008; 58: 60-64.

Reinert KG, Koenig HG. Re-examining definitions of spirituality in nursing research. J Adv Nurs. 2013; 2622-2634.

Koenig HG, McCullough ME, Larson DB. Handbook of Religion and Health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001.

Simoni JM, Martone MG, Kerwin JF. Spirituality and psychosocial adaptation among women with HIV/AIDS: Implications for counselling. J Couns Psychol. 2002; 49:139-147.

Walton MN. Assessing the Construction of Spirituality. Conceptualizing Spirituality in Health Care Settings. J Pastoral Care Counsel. 66/3. 2012; 7:1-16.

Fryback PB, Reinert BR. Spirituality and people with potentially fatal diagnoses. Nurs Forum. 1999; 34(1):13-22.

Sowell R, Moneyham L, Hennessy M, Guilloy J, Demi A, Sealo B. Spiritual activities as a resistance resource for women with human immunodeficiency virus. Nurs Res. 2000; 49:73-82.

Carroll B. A phenomenological exploration of the nature of spirituality and spiritual care. Mortality. 2001; 6(1):81-98.

Narayanasamy A, Owens J. A critical incident study of nurses’ responses to the spiritual needs of their patients. J Adv Nurs. 2001; 33(4):446-455.

. Puchalski CM. Spirituality in health: the role of spirituality in critical care. Crit Care Clin. 2004; 20: 487-504.

Meisenhelder JB, Chandler EN. Faith, prayer and health outcomes in elderly native Americans. Clin Nurs Res. 2000; 9:191-203.

Berlim MT, Mattevi BS, Fleck MP. Depression and quality of life among depressed Brazilian out patients. Psychiatr Serv. 2003; 54:254.

Delgado C. Sense of coherence, spirituality, stress and quality of life in chronic illness. J Nurs Scholarship. 2007; 39:229-234.

Hunter V. The daily grind and how to stay same as a mother of two children with cystic fybrosis. J Roy Soc Med. 2003; 43:51-56.

Walton J. Discovering meaning and purpose during recovery from an acute myocardial infarction. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2002; 21(1):36-43.

Dezuther J, Robertson LA, Luychx K, Hutsebaut D. Life satisfaction in chronic pain patients : The stress buffering role of the centrality of religion. J Sci Study Relig. 2010; 49:507-16.

Wachholtz A, Pearce M, Koenig H. Exploring the relationship between spirituality, coping and pain J. Behav. Med. 2007; 30:311-8.

Baldacchino DR, Borg J, Muscat S, Sturgeon C. Psychology and theology meet: illness appraisal and spiritual coping. West J Nurs Res. 2012; 34(6):818-847.

Coyle J. Spirituality and health: towards a framework for exploring the relationship between spirituality and health. J Adv Nurs. 2002; 37(6):589-597.

Levine E, Tary E. Spiritual correlates of functional well-being in women with breast cancer. Integr Cancer Ther. 2002; 1(2):166-174.

Mathisen B, Carey LB, Carey-Sargeant CL, Webb G, Millar CJ, Krikheli L. Religion, spirituality and speech-language pathology: A viewpoint for ensuring patient-centred holistic care. J Relig Health. 2015.

Salins SLN, Rao, Kadam A. Spiritual well-being and its influence on fatigue in patients undergoing active cancer directed treatment: A correlational study. J Cancer Res Ther. 2014; 10(3):676-80. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.138125.

Seligman M. Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Wellbeing. New York: Free Press; 2011.

Cotton S, Larkin E, Hoopes A, Cromer BA, Rosenthal SL. The impact of adolescent spirituality on depressive symptoms and health risk behaviors. J Adolesc Health. 2005; 36(6):529.

Kaczorowski JM. Spiritual well-being and anxiety in adults diagnosed with cancer. Hosp J. 1989; 5(3-4):105-16.

Buxant C, Saroglou W. Joining and leaving a new religious movement. A study of ex-members’ mental health. Ment Health Relig Cult. 2008; 11:251-271.

Norenzayan A, Hansen IG. Belief in supernatural agents in the face of death. Pers Soc Psychol B. 2006; 32:174-187.

Wimberley DW. Socioeconomic deprivation and religious salience: A cognitive behavioural approach. Sociol Quart. 1984; 25:223-238.

Nadarajah S, Boyer AM, Thomas SA. Current status of spirituality in cardiac rehabilitation programs: A review of the literature. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2013; 38:135-143.

Weber SR, Pargament KI. The role of religion and spirituality in mental health. Curr Opin Psychiatr. 2014: 27:358-363.

Aldridge D. Spirituality, Healing and Medicine. London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2000.

Zinnbauer BJ Pargament KJ, Cole B, et al. Religion & spirituality: Unfuzzing the fuzzy. J Sci Stud Relig. 1997; 36 549-564.

Karren KJ, Hafen BQ, Lee Smith N, Frandsen KJ. Mind, Body and Health. San Francisco: Library of Congress Cataloqing in Publication Data; 2006.

Goldberg B. Connection. An exploration of spirituality in nursing care. J Adv Nurs. 1998; 27(4):836-842.

McSherry W, Draper P. The debates emerging from the literature surrounding the concept of spirituality as applied to nursing. J Adv Nurs. 1998; 27(4):683-69.

Seeman TE, Dubin LF, Seeman M. Religiosity/spirituality and health. A critical review of the evidence for biological pathways. Am Psychol. 2003; 58(1):53-63.

Miller WR, Thoreson CE. Spirituality, religion, and health. Am Psychol. 2003; 58(1):24-35.

Reed P. An emerging paradigm for the investigation of spirituality in nursing. Res Nurs Health. 1992; 15:349-357.

Kliewer S. Allowing spirituality into the healing process. J Fam Practice. 2004; 53(8); 616-624.

Guimaraes, HP, Avezum A. Impact of spirituality on physical health. Rev Psiquiatr Clin 2007; 34: 88-94.

Moreira-Almeida A, Neto FL, Koenig HG. Religiousness and mental health: a review. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2006; 28:242-250.

Chochinov HM, Cann BJ. Interventions to enchance the spiritual aspects of dying. J Palliat Med. 2005; 8(5):103-15.

Vachon M, Fillion L, Achille M. A conceptual analysis of spirituality at the end of life. J Palliat Med. 2009; 12:53-9.

Koenig HG, King D, Carson V. Handbook of Religion and Health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012.

Fredrickson BL. Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment. 2000; Vol 3. Article 0001a.

Fredrickson BL. What good are positive emotions? Cogn Emot. 1998: 12:191-220.

Fredrickson BL, Branigen CA. Positive emotions broaden scope of attention and thought – action repertories. Cogn Emot. 2005; 19:313-332.

Doyle WJ, Gentile DA, Cohen S. Emotional style, nasal cytokines and illness expression after experimental rhinovirus exposure. Brain Behav Immun. 2006; 20:175-181.

Lyobomirsky S, King L, Diener E. The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychol Bull. 2005; 131(6):803-855.

Richman LS, Kubzansky L, Maselko J, Kawachi I, Choo P, Bauer M. Positive emotions and health. Going beyond the negative. Health Psychol. 2005; 24:422-429 (Pubmed 16045378).

Van Cappellen PV, Saroglou W, Iweins C, Piovesana M, Fredrickson BL. Self-transcendent positive emotions increase spirituality through basic world assumptions. Cogn Emot. 2013; 27(8):1378-1394.

King LA, Hicks JA, Krull JL, Del Gaiso AK. Positive affect and the experience of meaning in life. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006; 90:179-196.

Vaillant GE. Positive emotions, spirituality and the practice of psychiatry. Mens Sana Monogr. 2008;6(1):48-62. doi: 10.4103/0973-1229.36504.

Juslin PN, Laukka P. Expression, perception, and induction of musical emotions: A review and a questionnaire study of everyday listening. J New Music Res. 2004; 33:217–38. [arPNJ, GM].

Sloboda JA, O’Neill SA. Emotions in everyday listening to music. In:Juslin N, Sloboda JA, eds. Music and Emotion: Theory and Research. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001: 451-29.

Perlovsky L. Musical emotions:functions, origin, evolution. Phys Life Rev. 2010; 7(1):2-27.

Khalfa S, Bella SD, Roy M, Peretz I, Lupien SJ. Effects of relaxing music on salivary cortisol level after psychological stress. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2003; 999:374-76.

Pelletier CL. The effect of music on decreasing arousal due to stress: A meta-analysis. J Music Ther. 2004; 41:192-214.

Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ. Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci., USA. 2001; 98(20):11818-11823.

Chen J, Yuan J, Huang H, Chen C, Hong L. Music-induced mood modulates the strength of emotional negativity bias: An ERP study. Neurosci Lett. 2008; 445, 135-139.

Wilkins RW, Hodges DA, Laurenti PJ, Steen M, Burdette JH. Network Science and the effects of music preference on functional brain connectivity: From Beethoven to Eminem. Sci Rep. 2014; 4:6667. doi: 10.1038/srep06667.

Baumgartner T, Esslen M, Jäncke L. From emotion perception to emotion experience: Emotions evoked by pictures and classical music. Int J Psychophysiol. 2006; 60(1):34-43.

Särkämö T, Tervaniemi M, Laitinen S, et al; Music listening enhances cognitive recovery and mood after middle cerebral artery stroke. Brain. 2008; 131:866-876.

Varotto G, Fazio P, Sebastiano D, Avanzini G, Franceschetti S, Panzica F. Music and Emotion: an EEG connective study in patients with disorders of consciousness. 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, San Diego, California, USA. 2012.

Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ, Bermudez P, Evans AC. Emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant music correlates with activity in paralimbic brain regions. Nat Neurosci. 1999; 2(4): 382-387.

Juslin PN, Västfjäll D. Emotional responses to music: The need to consider underlying mechanisms. Behav Brain Sci. 2008; 31:559-621.

Krumhansl CL. An exploratory study of musical emotions and psychophysiology. Can J Exp Psychol. 1997; 51:336-352.

Sloboda JA, Juslin PN. Psychological perspectives on music and emotion. In: Juslin PN, JA Sloboda JA, eds. Music and Emotion: Theory and Research. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001:71-104.

Brown S, Martinez MJ, Parsons LM. Passive music listening spontaneously engages limbic and paralimbic systems. NeuroReport. 2004; 15:2033–37.

Behne KE. The development of “Musikerleben” in adolescence: How and why young people listen to music. In: Deliège I, Sloboda JA, eds. Perception and Cognition of Music. Hove, UK: Psychology Press; 1997:143-60.

DeNora T. Music in Everyday Life. Cambridge University Press. [aPNJ,

SET]; 2000.

Gabrielsson A. Emotions in strong experiences with music. In: Juslin PN, Sloboda JA, eds. Handbook of Emotions. 3rd ed. New York: The Guilford Press; 2001: 497-512.

Juslin PN, Zentner MR. Current trends in the study of music and emotion: Overture. Music Sci, Special Issue. 2001-2002; 3-21.

Kemeny ME, & Shestyuk A. Emotions, the neuroendocrine and immune systems, and health. In: Lewis M, Haviland-Jones JM, Barrett L, eds. Handbook of Emotions. (3rd ed). New York, NY: Guilford; 2008: 661-675.

Ahmadi F. Music as a method of coping with cancer: A qualitative study among cancer patients in Sweden. Arts Health. 2013; 5(2):152-165. doi: 10.1080/17533015.2013.780087.

MacDonald RAR. Music, health and well-being. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2013 August. doi: 10.3402/qhw.v8i0.20635

West T. Psychological issues in hospice music therapy. Music Ther Perspec. 1994; 12:117-124.

Croom AM. Music neuroscience, and the psychology of well-being: a précis. Hypothesis and theory article. Front Psychol. 2011; 2:393. Published online 2 January 2012. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00393.

Gilbert J. Music therapy perspectives on death and dying. J Music Ther. 1977; 14:165-171.

Saliers D, Saliers E. A Song to Sing, a Life to Live. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass; 2005.

Trängeberg OS-O, Stomberg MW. Listening to music during regional anesthesia: patients’ experiences and the effect on mood. J Perianesth Nurs. 2013; 28(5):291-297.

Trappe H. The effects of music on the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular health. Heart. 2010; 96:1868-1871.

Bradt J, Dileo C. Music for stress and anxiety reduction in coronary heart disease patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(2):CD006577.

Bradt J, Dileo C, Grocke D. Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010; 8(12):CD006902.

Bradt J, Dileo C, Grocke D, Magill L. Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(8):CD006911.

Salmon D. Music and emotion in palliative care. J Palliat Care. 1993; 9(4);48-52.

Young WC, Nadarajah SR, Skeath PR, Berger AM. Spirituality in the contex of life-threatening illness and life-transforming change. Palliat Support Care. 2014; 28:1-8.

Saroglou V, Buxant C & Tilquin J. Positive emotions as leading to religion and spirituality. J Posit Psychol. 2008; 3(3):165-173.

doi.org/10.1080/17439760801998737.

Bradt J, Dileo C. Music therapy for end-of-life care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Jan 2010; (1):CD007169.

Bunt L, Hoskyns, eds. The Handbook of Music Therapy. East-Sussex BN3 2FA: Brunner-Routledge; 2002.

Austenfeld JL, Stanton AL. Coping through emotional approach: a new look at emotion, coping and health-related outcomes. J Pers. 2004; 72(6):1335-1363.

Ghetti CM. Effect of music therapy with emotional-approach coping on preprocedural anxiety in cardiac catheterization: a randomized controlled trial. J Music Ther. 2013; 50(2):93-122.

Amutio A, Martínez-Taboada C, Hermosilla D, Delgado LC. Enhancing relaxation states and positive emotions in physicians through a mindfulness training program: A one-year study. Psychol Health Med. 2014; 8:1-12.

Gabrielsson A. Strong Experiences with Music. New York: Oxford University Press; 2011.

Downloads

Published

2016-10-26

Issue

Section

Full Length Articles